The tectonic structure unit of Foshan Prefecture belongs to South
China belt of folded strata. The Caledonian structural layer is widely
distributed at the east of Guangzhou-Foshan-Jiujiang line, constituted
with gneiss, quartzite, schist and sandstone. Haixi Indochina structural
layer is mainly distributed at the north of Guangzhou-Foshan-Jiujian
line, consisted of sandshale and limestone etc. The Shunde District
proper is distributed with conglomerate, sandstone and pyroclastic
rock, belonging to Yanshan structural layer. Also, the scattered granite
within the Prefecture is the result of Yanshan period rock magma.
The complicated tectogenesis and volcanicity of Himalayas have formed
the faulted basin, represented by Sanshui Basin, and the trachyte
scattered at Xiqiaoshan and Dazhugang as well as the basalt at the
belt fo Zoumaying and Wangjiangang and the truffle at the belt of
Hungyong.
The main geologic structure within the Prefecture is generally divided
into five groups: North-North-East direction Sanshui Heshengkeng duplex
syncline; North-East-East direction Gaoming duplex syncline; East-West
direction Sanshui disrupted bed, Langshi disrupted bed, Shunde Rongqi
disrupted bed; North-East direction Luoke disrupted bed, Yanbu disrupted
bed, Hecheng-Jinji disrupted bed, Leigang disrupted bed (Guang-Cong
disrupted bed); North-West direction Sanzhou-Xiqiaoshan disrupted
bed, Tanbu-Dali disrupted bed.
The above geologic structure controls the development of the landform
within the Prefecture, which have resulted in the tessellated hills
and crisscross river-net. The general surface relief in this Prefecture
is high in the Northwest and low in the Southeast. The highest peak
of Zaomushan in Gaoming has a altitude of 805m, the highest point
within the Prefecture. The Dalang in Sanshui is low in surface relief,
with elevation of -1.7m, the lowest point within the whle Prefecture.
The Xijiang and Bei Jiang are connected at Sixianjiao of Sanshui,
the top point of Xijiang-Beijiang Delta. The Xijiang-Beijaing Delta
Plain and the alluvial plain of its branches account for 2/3 of
the whole area of the Prefecture, covering most of Shunde and Nanhai
and the Northeast part of Gaoming. The Delta goes from the Northwest
to Southeast, which has resulted into flat alluvial plain with crisscross
rivers and scattered hills, with altitude within 0.725 meters. In
addition, the scattered trachyte hills, a salt rock column groups,
limestone caves, peaks cut by conglomerate and the ancient coastal
line remnant formed by earth crust uplift 5000 years have constituted
a unique landscape. In the low hill area there are red earth and
crimson earth and some yellow earth. The plain of consisted of paddy
soil and pileup soil. The ridge-pool agriculture featured with mulberry
ridge, fruit ridge and sugar cane ridge has contributed to unique
man-made ecological system.
In tectonic structure unit, Foshan is part of South China belt
of folded strata, where the low hill area has developed red soil
and crimson soil, and the Plain is consisted of paddy soil and pileup
soil. Foshan City is located at the center-south of Guangdong Province,
the inland of Pearl River Delta, adjacent to Guangzhou at east,
to Hong Kong and Macao at the south. The geological position is
superb, where the weather is mild with sufficient rainfall and green
plants in four seasons each year.
Foshan City is near to sea, with most of the area located at
the south of the tropic of cancer, where the climatic type belongs
to subtropical seasonal wind humid climate, with annual average
temperature at 22.1 and rainfall of 1600-2000ml.
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